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🩺Today's Medical/Health TitBit🩺

Blood in urine but not visible with naked eyes

Under normal circumstances, there should not be any blood in urine. When blood (red blood cells, or RBCs) appears in urine, it is referred to as hematuria. Hematuria can be classified into two types: visible (or frank) hematuria and non-visible (or microscopic) hematuria. A dipstick test or routine microscopy can be used to detect blood in the urine. In a qualitative test, the level of blood is indicated with traces, 1+, 2+, etc. A finding of at least 1+ blood is required for a diagnosis of non-visible hematuria (NVH).

While NVH can occur in some non-serious situations (for example, during menstruation, after long-distance running, following vigorous sexual activity, or as a result of certain foods or medications), it may also be an early indication of serious conditions such as urological cancer or vasculitis. Persistent NVH—which is defined as finding non-visible blood in urine in at least 2 out of 3 tests conducted 2 to 6 weeks apart—should be investigated further to eliminate any serious underlying issues.

In the UK, serious conditions like bladder cancer are detected in 1-4% of individuals with NVH. Therefore, according to UK guidelines, individuals aged 60 or older with persistent NVH should receive an urgent referral to a urologist to rule out cancer.

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