it seems what's coming up now is hardware related.

Maybe there are bad sectors on the HDD/SSD.

The best solution to this is to install a new HDD/SSD.

Either way, if there is any valuable file on it, I would recommend making a backup.

But maybe it is not HDD related.

Maybe it is something wrong with the RAM modules.

Running a RAM test is also a good idea.

Another option:
Try running a Live Linux Distribution on it.

You can also try installing it.

Maybe the laptop will properly work with Linux.